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An amendment is a proposal that does no more than add to, change, delete from or revise part of a draft resolution.

When two or more amendments are moved to a proposal, the amendment furthest removed in substance from the original draft resolution shall be considered or voted on first and so on, until all the amendments have been considered or voted on. Where, however, the adoption of one amendment necessarily implies the rejection of another amendment, the latter shall not be put to consideration or voted on.

If one or more amendments are adopted, the amended draft resolution shall then be considered or voted on. The proposed amendments should specify in detail which part of the draft resolution is being modified.

In traditional Model United Nations conferences, the terms "friendly amendment" and "unfriendly amendment" are used. Consensus should be the first option to adopt a motion or resolution and States shall make every effort to reach consensus when adopting resolutions or decisions.

When no State requests a vote, the Congress, Commission or Conference may adopt proposals or motions without a vote, if no objection is heard or seen on the proposals or motions. An important element of reaching consensus is the process in which draft resolutions are edited in a line-by-line review.

The individual chairing consultations will ask for objections and specific changes from the delegates. This implies that when every line or paragraph in the draft resolution is read aloud, delegates are asked if there are any reactions or recommendations to be made.

Suggestions are written down and, if needed, later discussed in the "informal" consultations as per rule This takes place as many times as required to reach consensus. Most resolutions in the intergovernmental bodies of the United Nations are adopted by consensus.

This is a recommendation made by the General Assembly. In the Vienna-based bodies, the process is called the "Vienna consensus". Line-by-line review takes place in informal consultations such as the Committee of the Whole in the Conference of the States Parties and not in the plenary. In the final plenary, the Chair or President could use this formula or a variant of it:.

Are there any objections? Seeing none, it is so decided". More information on line-by-line review can be found in the drafting section of the Guide to the Model United Nations produced by the United Nations Secretariat. If consensus cannot be reached, a voting process takes place. Each State in the simulation shall have one vote. Voting will take place by show of hands or country name plates, as instructed by the Chair or President.

After the commencement of voting has been announced, no delegate may interrupt the voting except on a point of order in connection with the actual voting procedure. A delegate may request a roll-call, which if granted by the Chair or President , shall be taken in the alphabetical order of the names of States represented, in the working language of the simulation.

If this is the case, the Rapporteur will read aloud the names of each State. When a delegate's State is named, she or he will respond yes, no or abstain. Parts of a draft resolution shall be voted on separately if a delegate requests it. The parts that have been approved shall be put to the consideration of States as a whole.

When voting on procedural questions, decisions shall be made by a simple majority of the delegates present and voting. When voting on substantive questions such as on draft resolutions, decisions shall be made by a simple or qualified majority of the delegates present and voting, as accorded by the organizing committee or secretariat of the simulation.

If there is a voting procedure, up to two delegations may make brief statements consisting solely of an explanation of their votes after the voting has been completed. In most of the meetings of the United Nations in which there is a voting procedure, except in the case of the Security Council, every State has access to an electronic voting system with coloured buttons green, red and yellow that is used to record and show the vote of every State present, whether it is a yes", "no" or "abstain".

The system is activated at the precise time of the voting procedure and is locked after a short period. At that time, a screen shows the outcome of the voting procedure.

Back to top. Doha Declaration. Education for Justice. What is Good Governance? Contemporary issues relating to conditions conducive both to the spread of terrorism and the rule of law Topic 2. Contemporary issues relating to the right to life Topic 3. Contemporary issues relating to foreign terrorist fighters Topic 4.

Definition of Crime Prevention 2. Key Crime Prevention Typologies 2. Crime Problem-Solving Approaches 4. Identifying the Need for Legal Aid 3. Models for Delivering Legal Aid Services 7. Roles and Responsibilities of Legal Aid Providers 8. Legal Framework 3. Use of Firearms 5. Protection of Especially Vulnerable Groups 7. Aims and Significance of Alternatives to Imprisonment 2. Justifying Punishment in the Community 3. Pretrial Alternatives 4. Post Trial Alternatives 5.

Concept, Values and Origin of Restorative Justice 2. Overview of Restorative Justice Processes 3. How Cost Effective is Restorative Justice? Vulnerabilities of Girls in Conflict with the Law 3. Ending Violence against Women 2. We believe we can achieve the end of poverty. Over 1 billion people live in extreme poverty.

But speeches in MUN are typically very short, so keep the story brief! The Taliban any girls to go to school. The point is the purpose of your speech. The working paper needs to be approved by the chairs. Draft Resolution : A document written in resolution format, approved by the chairs, and introduced to committee but not yet voted upon is called a draft resolution. Delegates will be spending most of their time writing and amending the draft resolutions.

Once a draft resolution is passed by a committee, then it becomes a Resolution. Sponsors : delegates who authored the draft resolution or actively contributed ideas. They support the draft resolution and want to see it get passed, so they should vote for it. All resolutions will require a minimum number of sponsors. Signatories : delegates who wish the see the draft resolution debated but may or may not agree with all of the ideas.

However, they think there is some merit to it and want to see it presented. Some resolutions will require a minimum number of signatories. Pre-ambulatory clauses : statements in the first section of the draft resolution that describes the problems that the committee wants to solve as well as previous measures taken to combat the problem.

Pre-ambulatory clauses are usually italicized or underlined by not numbered. Operative clauses : statements in the second section of the draft resolution that outlines the specific solutions the sponsors wish to implement. Operative clauses are usually numbered and underlined. One app. For everyone. The Conference App. Session App Free.